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V 

A KAYATHI HANDBOOK. 












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A 


HANDBOOK 


TO THE 


KAYATHI CHARACTER. 


By GEORGE A. GRIERSON, B.C.S., 

II , 

LATE SUBDIVISIONAL OFFICER, MADHUBANI, DARBHANGA, 


f^PsT, fW, 5ET fWT I 
STG, mt, ^3, 'SZ JT5 I 

• ♦' o ' 


tit ;, HT5, 5fffT 

a ii 


) 



CALCUTTA 5 

THACKER, SPINK, -A. IsT ID GO. 


1881 . 











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\ 


TO 


THE HONORABLE SIR ASHLEY EDEN, K.C.S.I., 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF BENGAL, 


WHO, 


BY FIRST INTRODUCING KAYATHI AS THE SOLE OFFICIAL CHARACTER OF OUR LAW-COURTS, 
HAS DONE MORE FOR BIHAR THAN A DECADE OF LEGISLATION, 

THIS BOOH 

IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY THE 


AUTHOR. 


Bankipore, 

1st June, 1881. 









PREFACE. 


I should not have troubled my readers with a preface, had I not to apologize 
for the delay which has occurred in publishing this book. It was almost ready 
for the press, when illness compelled me to go home. The nature of the work was 
such, that, unless the proof-sheets were corrected on the spot, it would have been 
impossible to attain that accuracy, without which it would have been worse than use¬ 
less. I cannot, hope that the book is entirely free from misprints, but I can assure my 
readers, that no pains have been spared in reducing them to a minimum. This has 
been another reason for the delay in publishing, for Indian compositors are but 
human, and I have had to compare every letter and every accent, dot, and apostrophe 
with the original three separate times before I could give the press order. 

I now take advantage of the preface to point out that this Manual pretends only 
to show the actual handwriting in current use in Bili&r. In no way does it attempt 
to show good Kayathl writing as a model for learners of handwriting. It is not 
a copybook, and is not meant to teach how to write, but how to read writing, and 
especially bad writing. Hence the samples given are of all kinds,—some good, and 
some bad,—and are written by all manner of scribes. At the same time, for the 
information of those curious in such matters, I would point out Plate X as exhibiting 
a specimen of peculiarly neat and clear Tirhutid caligraphy. 

For a like reason I have given the documents unaltered, with all their faults of 
spelling and grammar, which I have endeavoured accurately to reproduce in the 
transliteration. The numerous gross grammatical blunders in documents, most of 
which are written by fairly educated men, may surprise those who do not know that 
book Hindi, aud a fortiori court-Hindi, is a foreign language to all who use it in 
Bilidr. The native language of every BiMri (excepting those born and bred in 
the large towns) is as different from Hindi, as French is from Italian ; and the little 
they ever knew of that language has been learnt after several years of painful 
training in the Government higher schools, and most of that little forgotten 
before they had any occasion to use it. I think that a perusal of the documents 

2 




VI 


PREFACE. 


herewith presented will appear to be a sufficient answer to those who oppose the 
substitution of one of the Bihdr languages for Hindi as a Court-language, on 
the ground that the latter is already in possession, and should not be disturbed 
except for very strong reason. Unless the ungrammatical jargon of these petitions 
can be called Hindi or Urdti, Hindi is no more in possession than Norman- 
French was in possession as the language of England, at a time when the lawyers 
spoke what they called Norman-French in the law Courts. The matter, no doubt, is 
different in the North-West Provinces, west of Bandras ; for there Hindi may fairly 
claim to be the vernacular of the country ; but it is not, never was, and never can 
be, the vernacular of Bihdr. History and the laws of philology alike decide against 
it, and experience has shown how Norman-French never became the vernacular of 
England. 

I hope that this book will be of use to my brother officials and to the European 
residents of Bihar. If it be, I shall be amply rewarded for the trouble I have 
taken, for that was what I had in view in compiling it. 

In conclusion, I wish to thank the many kind friends who have helped me in 
the compilation, and especially Mr. A. P. MacDonnell, of Chliapra, and Mr. C. C. 
Quinn, of Bankipore. 


GEORGE A. GRIERSON. 



INTRODUCTION. 


By a recent order of the Bengal Government, the U'rdu character has been abolished 
from all official documents, and the Deva Nagari character has been substituted for it in print- 

inn- on/l +v,n u —a npk~ 


ERRATA. 


Plate X, first line of Translation, for “Sheikh,” read “Shaikh.” 

Plate XXVII, in second heading of Transliteration, for “ Maghadhf, read “ Mdgadhi.” 


UII|JX uuuuuuvu. vo *r U‘ *-^rg*.-w****™*~ “■ - O ~ ’ •/ ~ r ~ r**“J 

examples above. 

The forms of the other vowels given above are also only used at the commencement 
of words or syllables, thus, dk, ik %% ik , ^ uk uk, rik, ek, ^ aik, ok, 
ti=R auk, and jrr^ft gdo. When used after a consonant they take new “ non-initial” forms. 




2 


These forms are for T, for 3 ; f) for 1;% for ^, for ^ ^, for for , for , for wt \ and 
for % Of these t, % and are written after the consonant they follow, Fis written 
before the consonant it follows, , , and^ are written under the consonant they follow, and » 
and^ over the consonant they follow. We thus get the following examples : 

srt ka, Fr ki, sr! ki, ^ ku, f[ ku, u kri, % ke, ^ kai, %r ko, kau. 

Instead of the initial forms ^ c, and $ ai. the forms ^ and ^ are respectively used by 
the ignorant. These forms are incorrect in Deva-N&gari, but they are common in Kayathi. 

In addition to the above simple consonants there are a large number of compound 
consonants. These are used when the inherent a between two consonants disappears alto¬ 
gether, and no other vowel is substituted.. Thus, pusatak , and if we wish to write 

pustak, we must join s and cT t into one compound consonant ^ st: we are then able to 
write xt^r pustak. These compound consonants are formed in various ways. It will b e 
noticed that nearly all the simple consonants consist of a horizontal line plus a perpendi¬ 
cular line plus the essential part of the letter. Thus m is composed of — + !+*». To 
form a compound of two letters the essential part of one is taken excluding its horizontal or 
perpendicular line or both), and then the two are put together side by side, or one over the 
other as may be most convenient. Thus jt + JT becomes wr gga , H + ^ becomes Ihya , ^ 4 - ^ 
becomes m chcha , tr + cT = jr pfa> Many compounds are, however, quite irregular; and as 
they are all given in any good Hindi .Grammar it is not necessary to repeat them here. 
The letter r takes two forms according as it is the first or last (or medial) member of a 
compound. When the first member of a compound, it is expressed by a semicircle over the 
letter which follows it, as in the words swarg , sari. When the last or medial member 
of a compound, it is expressed by a sloping line below the letter which it follows, e. g. if? 
grah ^raj, agry. 

Note. —These compound consonants are in Hindi frequently separated into their com¬ 
ponent simple letters, the pronunciation being unaffected. Thus *rsf sari is frequently 
written sar'l, and Epf grah, iref g'rah. This is especially the case in Kayathi, in which 
compound consonants are comparatively rare. 

Nasal Symbols. —It should be noted that there are five nasal letters,—each, in the 
table of the alphabet, immediately to the right of a line of four other consonants; when, in 
any word, any nasal comes immediately before any one of the four other consonants in its 
own line, it may as a compendium scripturoe , be denoted by a dot written over the letter prece¬ 
ding it in the word, to save the trouble of writing a complex compound consonant. Thus 
#r may be written for ^ an'k, xfxf for pan'ch, for <fk for ^ kund, and for 

stamlh. This dot is usually called anuswar , and is, however, not confined to this use. 
It is also frequently used simply to give a nasal tone to the letter over which it is placed, 
almostly exact like the pronunciation of n in the French word Ion. In this latter case 
accurate writers (who are few in number) write the dot in a half circle, thus, ", and it 
is then called anundsik. But practically there are two uses of the anuswar , which only 
practice can distinguish,—one is to write it as a substitute for one of the five nasal letters in 
a compound consonant,—and the other is to use it to give a nasal tone to any syllable over 
which it may be placed. In this work,—in transliteration, in the first case it will be repre¬ 
sented by the appropriate English type of the nasal letter (w, n\ n, n, or m respectively and 
in the second case by ft. 


3 


Pronunciation. 

As this is written for Indian readers, I do not propose to discuss at length the pronun¬ 
ciation of the letters of the alphabet. It is sufficient to remind them that ^ da, when written 
with a dot, thus vf, is pronounced ra, and similarly u dha , is pronounced rha. 

Of the remaining consonants g ya, and 5T ja , are commonly confounded in pronunciation, 
being often pronounced ja ; and even «r is written by many for g in such cases. Thus 
yog is often both written and pronounced %jt jog. Similarly ^ va and ba are often con¬ 
founded, both being usually pronounced like sr ba. Thus WJT varg , is usually pronounced sjjt 
barg. Some writers place a dot under ^ when it is pronounced as ^ va. Thus barg, while 
is pronounced vah, or rather wah. The letter ^ though commonly transliterated va, might 
be better transliterated wa, which more accurately exhibits its pronunciation. The letter 
3 ska in Eastern Hindi has entirely lost its proper pronunciation, when not compounded with 
another consonant, and is pronounced kha. This rule is universal. It is then capable of 
being substituted for kha. Thus the word is commonly written and shashth, 
is, conversely, commonly written and always pronounced khashth.. Observe that the last 
sha being compounded with 3 tha is written and pronounced properly. 

PART II. 

On the Kayathi' Character. 

Having thus given a brief description of the Deva-Nagari: alphabet, I proceed to describe 
how the Kayathi arose side by side with it.* The Deva-Nagari, although an admirable 
alphabet in some respects, was long ago found to be too cumbrous for the common affairs of 
life. The pen in each letter has to be lifted three times, once for the horizontal line, once for 
the perpendicular, and at least once for the essential part of the letter. In short, it was not 
sufficiently cursive. There were two ways of giving it a cursive character, one of which was 
to preserve the frame work, and alter the shape of the letter so that the whole could be 
written without lifting the pen from the paper. This was the course adopted in the Bangali 
and Uriya written hands. The other course was to discard as much as possible the horizontal 
and perpendicular lines, leaving only the essential part of the letter, and as much of them 
as could be combined with one stroke of the pen, without materially altering the shape of the 
original. This was the course adopted in the Modh, Gujarati, and Kayathi alphabets. 
All the alphabets of this latter class possess a great similarity of character. Gujarati, the 
most western, differs little from Kayathi the most eastern, and a Tirhutia patwari finds little 
difficulty in reading a Gujarati book. 

A still further corruption, for cursive purposes, is the Mahdjani, or character of the 
merchants. It is, however, more a species of shorthand, and (the vowels being usually omitted) 
is read with considerable difficulty. Such is not the case with Kayathi, which is, all that its 
opponents can say to the contrary, a perfectly legible character.f 

* Although it is convenient in an elementary treatise to talk of the Kayathi being “ derived” from the Deva-Nagari, 
this is not a strictly accurate statement of the facts of the case. Really the two alphabets arose pari passu, from an 
older original still found existing in inscriptions and the like. One became adopted as a running hand, and the other 
as a more ornate style of hand-writing. 

f A story is told of a Mathura merchant who was absent from home, and whose agent wrote from Delhi to his 
family to say his master had gone to Ajmer and wanted his big ledger. The agent wrote JBdbu Ajmer gay a, lari 


4 


The accompanying table shows succinctly the forms of the Deva-Ndgari, Kayathi, and 
Mahajani script letters. (Plate I.) 

Kayathi is written sometimes on plain unruled paper, but it is equally often written 
on ruled paper. In the latter case, a line -is drawn across the page, and the letters as it 
were suspended from it, instead of being written on it as in English. The ruled line thus 
forms a rude substitute for the top horizontal line in Deva-Nagari: it is however of little 
practical use, and is apt to increase the difficulty of reading. In many documents it is 
customary to rule only the first line, for show ; and to leave the rest unruled, for comfort. 

As written by natives, Kayathi has no stops except the full period: moreover, amongst 
natives it is not customary to leave any space between the words, which are left to be divided 
by the reader, a fact which sometimes gives rise to ludicrous mistakes. The Standard Kayathi, 
however, used in Government offices, does separate its words. 

Kayathi differs slightly according to locality. It may roughly be divided into three 
classes, Tirhutf, which is said to be the most elegant, Bhojpuri (of Saran and Shahabad) 
which is said to be the most legible, and the Magah (or that of Patna and Grayd) which is a 
mean between the two. Illustrations of all these styles of writing will be found in the 
following pages. (Plate II.) 

These differences are, however, but slight, and any one acquainted with one kind, can 
easily read the other two. Kayathi also, of course, differs according to the person who 
writes it. As in English, there are good and bad, dashing and careful, neat and straggling 
writers. 

Many, in fact the majority of Kayathi writers, in writing make no distinction between 
f if and*! i, writing both as *4 i. This is an incorrect custom, and should be avoided. In 
this work, wherever i is incorrectly written for f i, it will be transliterated i, as it should be, 
and not i as it is. 

By the majority of writers of Kayathi, the letter, ^ 5 is not used,—si s' being used 
instead. In short, with them, the character represents all sibilants ; when this is the case 
in the following pages, the correct sibilant will be transliterated. Thus creqj erroneously written 
for or will be transliterated lasHu and not bas'Hu. 

It is hoped that with the aid of the foregoing hints, it will not be found difficult to read 
the following pages. 

lahi Ihej dijiye. This was written in Mahajani which usually omits the vowels, and the result was that the letter was 
read Bdbu A'j mar gay a, lari lahu Ihej dijiye, « The master died to-day, send the chief wife” ! (apparently to perform 
his obsequies). Beames, C. G. I., 56. 




Plate I. 


Devcv 

ncigari/. 

Kagalht. 

Mochcyam 

English 

Devarub 

garb. 

Kagatho. 

Malayans. 

English. 

Deva- 

nagaj'b 

Kayatku 

Mahcyani, 

Englishy 


H 

r?> 

a / 

$• 

T 


n 

if 

«t 

6TU 

TV 

3TT 

m t 


<Z/ 

tf 

<) 

k* 

chi 


H 


P 

S ? 

t «/ 


V 

01 

<R 

<3 

(shiv 


$8 


vlv 


Gv. 

Sj> 

V 


*1 

cv* 

j 

ss 



b 

'3 v o 


Us 

SR 

b 

<S 

ihs 

*r 

•a 

C 

bh 



<S 

w 

* 

» 


J 

TV 

a 

if 

V> 

my 

IE* 

if* 


<s"> 

ri 

e 

■E 

5 

t 

6 

rS 

ths 


if 

i 

eo 

3, 

yj 

V 



<s" 

(Us 

3* 

vi 

s 

d 


e 

<■/> 

l 




a 

■c 

(• 

*U> 

dhs 

3 

Y 

oo 

vb 

Ij’I 

$n 


aw 


4 


71/ 

w 

*( 


s 


<h* 

•% 

ks 

rf 

*1 

/V 

t 

sr 



sh,kh 



4<* 

kh 

5T 

«/ 

V 

tb 

s 

tt 


s 

■jt 

\ 

M 

H 


3 

c,fv 


H 

V 

d/ 

dhs 

W 

s. 

£ 

h 


Combinations of vowels. 


Vevandgari 

Kagasthis 

Mahcyanv. 

English/. 

Devandgaris 

Kagaihb: 

Mahagani/. 

English/. 

■ 


•to 

aka 



aauU 

rikri/ 

m. 

?!' *1-31 


dkd 

& 

<s 


eke/ 


fft.S 


iki 

$> 



aikoub 

I© v 

fdl-Q 


thv 

Wt 

5&«/ 

*s 

oka 


G Si 


ukw 

uksd. 

m 

4(4 


auskaul, 


Table, showing the correspondingforms of the Bevcmdgari, Kagaihb, Mahdfani and English alphabets.- 
























































































Plate II. 


Table showing the/Eaif<xthZ alphabet, as written, hgTirhxytu ; BhojpunO $f MagaJz/ Sorites. 


'h 

1 

if" 

t 

1 

| 

g&Tq&ug 

.“'I 

1 

t 

J 

. ^ 

l 

M 

9m 

w\ 


e 


Hf 

n/ 

M f 

Qni 

w 

, 

<\ 

'I 

0 

t 

t *1 


l 

V 


«( 

81 

M/ 

(? ^ 

<3 

(T 

U 

1 

£ 

4 

dy 

(PG\ 
$1* 
H * 

*\ 

C 

I 

ti 

& 

(W 

V 

<1 

M 

<} 

M 

* 

* 

'I 

dh 

TV 

P 

Sin 
4ft 1 

tol 

tot 

wi) 

»rl 

0 

cue 


a 

*/>V\ 

<y 

ph 

b 

«h 

oh 


k/ 

°( 

VI 

VI 

Y) 

bJv 

M 

<T 

ow 

V 

<f 

y 

<T 

kJv 

9 

9 h 

rb 

X 

* 

A 

« 

M 

^ *1 

1 

a, <h 

( 

vt 

'i 
e 

rrv 

9'J 

T 

l 

i 



ch/ 

* 


9/ 

v b 

ist 


cp 

chha 

«?/ 

* 

*/ 

s 


W 

*? 

J 

w 

<*< 

bi 

hh/ 



* 

J h 

*f 

*< 

4/ 

s 

t 

* 

^2 

X 

i 

TV 

t 



$ 

lv 

* 


b 

iha 






vi 

vj 

dr 






2p 

4 

cUv 






























Plate III. 


Combinations of consonants 
Strong conjuncts. 

e£l Jdy hk, idbut kkhi^ ^ kt, ^ydA,^chch^^iM^jj, tt, 

^dy, th, $\ tt, ^ 1th, CV) tf , 4, dy, \M, ^ddhfydih,^ pi fc{ jp,ty>/h 

& fyj' ^ bcUv, ij U, Sjy bbh. 

Weak conjuncts. 

^ n-i, <1^ ny ,«1 rvw, n^rtf ny, ^nr, «| rw, ns, mn, ^ nvrm, ^ my, gnr, 

^ ml, ^rnhy, Uf yy, ^rUifry, frr, ^sh, <&!l, Q f^A^y. 

£vr, ^ vv ; sy, ^ dr, *€ A, ^ A, m,mshm^shy, ^shv, ^ ^ 

Qsr, .st. ss, hy, hr, *^hl,kj^hv, *£w ih. 

Mixed conjuncts. 

^km, i^ky, ^kr, <^kl,^hv, ^My^kfy^yrv, <S*\ym,pHyy, *)yr, ^yl,4jyv 

<Ugkm,<&\yhy, Qghr, v| rig ^riyhH{ chy,<$Mr£\fd <A\jm,V*\jy, %jr, 

V\jv, I ry, '^yyf^dr, ^ mb, ** nth,*$> rut **>n<Uv, M 

X{iy, <\ ir. % tv, "W&, ^ ^dhr, ^4 <%**U4 nt^ntd^nd, 

€*\nddMpm, *44 jmv, '‘M py, Apr, \pl, %ps,*\by, &br, ^ 

tjS[ "rkh ; if ry, £\rghs, %rcfy C$(rohJv ; r j> *\ rt ’ ^K 7 ^, *H rdh/ , \ rf> } cj- rb, ^{rbh, 

IfylcL, lp ; $s{ lb, Qtf soh, ^sMr, t^shl x^shihx*\shp, ^shm^hy^sh, ^ysl, 

JtQsth, sp, *^sph, jjb-sb^pstr. 


* PrvrwttnccoL UJw gy, with as nasal ac&tnl. 








■ 
























Plate IV. 

Numerals &.c. 


Th&JoUvwvng cure the more icsuaLjvrms of theNamercds. 

\i, ^ 2, ^ 3, 4 s, £, 6 ; $ % <r-, *c <5*- C/^ CfO ^ tT^ ?°/<?. 

M oney . 

i 3pies (OrveypLce)^jXl Spies, O IVt 9pees, ^ land, Zaruxs, 3 drvcis, 4dnxieSdnas, 


6diruxs, 7 drujos, tfcincLs, 2i? St ctruxs, lZdruxs, T) R.i. *Lt&. 

The' mode# of wrrhstppie& differin' different/ districts. 

Weight . 

Okatenk&i'-l, $<> 7, $<Z> 3, 5 1° 4, 6 5 *, 9^#, $W 0 1Z. 


rro.i. 


Sens 


(Pi 1, 6 k, 7, (S^ 3, fG[ 4 p((yT, tfj 7, (Sc/O# 1° to, V) 11, ll M, ll\3C. 

y 0U- lM d 10S rs lOChhihs. 


Area . 

DhurzM I, ftx. 2, ;s^ #, _gio s. <7, WA. 7 55U« »; iJU? //, SW*x 

Katthds.§ \ 1 , <)Xj Z, $3 3 ’ 1° 5, i? 6, \l° 10, M 0 13 


<loltl!llf 20 .Biprhds. 16Kip. 6Dhurs 










Plate V. 


A Criminal Petition. 


tMjtfrtftof * >£j q weivArt rjtfn 




401+1 

cjQie^l q\s (V) <3 fU^R^/Ve/Jlu 

l/jj atH*! ebiowiit 
cj!i^kn ai> m yrtijp-ywHiip 
MjMKI Veil1 6 JllOlm >^ 

$ziW>ti^vozo'vl/ift>iQ •j^n^nn 

ciwUat ?miTZZi wuiTT ( 
rp &yyy tfll 0 all c fli'AwM i 

4M9tW-' 

*Tw 1& 





















































PLATES V, VI, AND VII. 
CRIMINAL PETITION {Patna). 


A5 written by five different Magah Scribes. 

Saivgam Sigli bar&hil molajiin Mun’s'i 
Bis'es'ar Ldl Muda-i. 

banam 

Bulaki wo Bilidri wo Jlioti Mali’to wo Dahu 
5 Dlianukh, sakiuan moje Kar’tapur, ilake 
Tliana A'lam’ganj Mudala i. 


Jurum pakar le jane as'nae rail se, wo 
kar’ne mar pit lat muka se, wo kamar me 
angav’chha se bandli kar le jand tliana pr; 
10 dapha 352 wo 341 pinal kod ; maw’kue 
22 Jun s ... 1880, roj mangal wak’t sat 

baje subah ke. lt’lae uska thane 
me dia, pulis ne bad tah’rir roj- 
nam’clie liedaet nalis' liajur k& dia 

15 N&m gawali. 

Ram Lai, sakin moje Kar’t&pur. 

Gobar’dlian Goala sa. Aijan. 

S'ekh Plusen Bak’s' sa. Kum’rar. 

S'ekh Il’tdf Husen s&. Kum’r&r. 


© 

. 


o3 

s-S 


Sh 

T3 


3 ^ q3 

o3 


3 

h-f 




TRANSLATION. 

Sangam Sink barahil, servant of Munski Bisesar Lai, ... ... ... Complainant. 

versus 

Bulatf, Bill an and Jkoti Mali to, and Daku Dhanukk, of Village Kartapur, Tkana 

Alamganj, ... ... ... ... ... ... Accused. 


Charge, seizing and carrying off from tke public road, assaulting witk kicks and blows, tying (Complainant 
round) tke waist witk a body cloth, and taking kim to tke police station. Secs. 352 and 341 I, P. C. Date 
of occurrence, Tuesday, 22nd June, at 7 a. m. Information concerning tkis was laid at tke police station, and 
tke police, after entering it in writing in tke diary, directed a complaint to ke laid before your Worship. 

Names of the Witnesses. 

Ram Lai, of village Kartapur. 

Gobardkan Gowala, of ditto. 

Skaikk Husain Bakksk, of Kumrar. 

Skaikk Iltaf Husain, of ditto. 

Ordered tkat,— 

Tke case be made over to Mr. Giffard (?), Deputy Magistrate. 





Plate V^XXI. a Police Report. 

^Ihl —OYH <ll7 

<**1 ni: 3? 

— hi — ei*iT—m: 'd°0-Q£\^$ 

-*w?T *im c^k]<?—- ^ 
5 ^1 4— *ai~ 'i&si—fT— 1 jiy —£*11 S^t ^ 
—£~&ii — k 6/h m/-^—5 
^a\Hi — 'jT'ti — iiM—MHi yn yti -ii°o s ^ 
r~ ^'•i —u /—micwii — ??v)i— 
$—£1x — H K ^ ' >/1l ^'’ c V 

mi >T^— ifT'f —••vnii-ol'w'U— V\-—i(l<fi — MVr\~ 

^_fr‘t^-u<fl fl-fi ^ 1 ^ 1 '— vii—«»? ^ 

2iai £ >n^7 ^~^ 3 '— 4Ji^ni&§L 

^ ^ mX\ &/[ sTvm — 91 ih) *> at si—cAtj'i'i—ji n't 

Ar^fcH 3l<nn vT<M/—^ll^ 1 °)3I I'Wn-’W/ — ^T 

<svuwii mT^T^ vn— y'on.f.rrj'i —<k tsu «t£.nm/<a— 

«jw^^ ft iI a^T*> ift 1 ->f<vil 1 *»^ 9 »’•( 

_ O' VA -V ^ 

^Y) •>/( K A—£/^ Ki—>£ (w?*? —<M,I ^ %c^\\ K1°^ ^» 

rhon ^11 flol ^•^'1 -91 W3 — *ii <?~•*/ 0( 

—-v?l$i—-tfj —3Tai^— «-f$l quh—V h-uu^ 

^_-5i <uifi-~m^n—-fT/uT--—*1-3 vi ’I? 

,00— t~n~~!'— 6/?_ vtTin —^ 1 —^ i{€—^irr 

_.‘fT^idd't !?T«)--PHsu ^'3 

6 7 5 , q l o ( __i ) )^£./'?—■f'o( i <i<v'—^‘fi V<T ^n—<<MlO 
fl'WlJ' H~^Vfp;-j— ^ Utf\'(—^£ m —M'fl'H a * 

ji\'■ fiti'i —•? vwrt 31 v~^ <fr*< M'U'Mi ^37y 

-V)!—l2't«<l<S\l—<2>1 <=0 —cJ-Vll »MI- 



PLATE VIII. 

FACSIMILE OF A POLICE REPORT. 


Diiar’ma' Auta'r. 

Is mokadame ka waku Tfi. 31 Ma-i 1880 ko rat ko hui, wo italae 
is’tes'an par do paliar din ko, Ta. 1 Jun me mar’phat muda-i ke 


hui 
kfkat 
5 purab 
hath 
d’mi 


Tabedar italae 
ke waste hua, 

muh ke ghar 
lama wo ek 

ke sendh-mari 
k ghar jaliir kar’ta 

ham jage, clior bhag 
10 i. Clior ko pah’chan 


ke chokidar 
Narahia wo 
15 the, tah’kikat 


jamin tah’- 
Muda-i ke 
sendh derh 
par'war kabil jane a- 
hua paea gea. Mali- 


hone ke sath rawane sar 

2 Jun ko sendh dekha. 

me utarwari pakhe me ek 
hath chaura 

ka dia 

hai ke 11 Clior ghar me paitha, ahat se 
gea, koi cliiz chori nahi ga- 

nahi kia, kisi par s'aks'ubha nahi 

kar’ta hai.”' Gawo ke log bln jahir kar’te hain ke koi mal muda- 

ka chori nahi gea. Gawo ke log jahir kar’te hai 
gas'’t me tlia, ham log ko jagaea tha.” Moje 

Ghogharia wo Bar’ham’pur me jo bad’masan 
kar’ne se jahir hua ke us roj sab 

ghar par hajir 
jahir kar’te hai, 

hai. 
hota 


ap ne 
aur 
d’mds' 
dh 

20 sacha 
bean 
log 
kia 


ap ne 

aur log 

akar waku kar’ta 
ka sachd malum 


tha. Chaukidar moje 

ke Tarai Nepal ka 
Tah’kikat se par’na 
hai, is lie nak’sa 
dete hain, wo chaukidar moje ka har’chand logo 
se hajir rah’na jahir hota hai, magar 

sab chokiddr ke bachane was’te aisa 

hai: As’l me, agar hajir rali’ta waku nahi hota. 

chaukidar ke ilake 20 Ap’rel 1879 ko ek sendh para tha, ek 
25 a jur’bana hajur se hua tha. Ta. 4 Jun. 1880. 


wo 
ba- 
sen- 
si 
ke 
bes ak 
bean 
Is 
rupa- 


TRANSLATION. 

Your Worship,—This affair occurred on the night of the 31st of May, 1880, and information was laid at 
the station by the prosecutor on The 1st of June, at mid-day. Immediately on receipt of the information, I 
started for the spot, in order to investigate the charge. On the 2nd of June I saw the mine. It turned out to 
be a mine situated in the north wall of the prosecutor’s east-facing house; was a cubit and a half long, by a 
cubit wide, passing right through the wall, and sufficiently large to allow passage for a man ; and was dug with 
an instrument called a Sendh-mari . The owner of the house states that the thief entered the house, and that he 
(the owner) being wakened by the noise, the thief absconded, without committing theft of any property. He 
did not recognize the thief, nor does he suspect any special person of being the criminal. The villagers also state 
that none of the prosecutor’s property was stolen. The village people state that the Chaukidar was going his 
rounds (all night), and that he wakened them according to custom. On inquiry it appeared that the professional 
thieves living in the villages of Narahia, Ghogharia, and Barhampur, were all at home on the day of the occurrence. 
The Village Chaukidar and other people state that a professional thief of the Nepal Tarai comes and commits 
(these) offences. As the result of the investigation it appears to be true, that the mine was dug, and for this 
reason I submit a C true form. As regards the Village Chaukidar, although from the statements of the people 
it appears that he was present at his post, there can be no doubt, that they say so in order to get him out of 
trouble. As a matter of fact, if he had been present at his post, the offence could not have been committed. In 
the beat of this Chaukidar, on the 20th April, 1879, a (former) house-breaking case took place, and, uuder your 
Worship’s order, he was fined one rupee. Dated 4th June, 1880. 




Plate IX. 

A Criminal Petition. 


«n tn 




g<™— 




A. 

A 


H 




/» 

St 


$ 


,-a 


A 

J§ 


oi'A^i 


n 


Wy<%- 

2i$m 


a' 

b 




./* 


-5 

^AA/ 








' b 


X 


|X 

£* 


x. 


■?/, 




till ■ ngfil-01 <*/'*! 3 ^<7 

'rn)H*l3\+1 ) /It/ 


O; 


>, 


HlQtlilHI'ha lfi&21 b^f 
ft Jj ^<1 '?nlH§ tfl 


: X 




* 'V* for <iN>'/ «J}>y^) 
\i 1 ^ $ 81 h >* foil 

>/l b *)*» / >n .tf 7 ^<7 9 *1 ii ff) r7 \ 














PLATE IX. 


vc * 

g3 



vc« 

Ci" 

6 

© 

© 

E- 1 

PP 

c§ 

£ 


a 

v«5 

Ph 


a 

PH 


Ph 


A Criminal Petition fBhojpuri writing , /rom Ch hap raj. 


a 




a « 

rd y £ 
c3 v O 
a2 r^5 

oT 


VC3 

pq 


pH 

mA 


fa 

6 


•“3 

a 


^ a 

1 ^ 

£ te 


a 

a 

CO 


a a 

.a a 

5S 

£ a 
a * 
be 

Ji 

a 

-q 


03 ^ 

£§:«■ 

» H C-, 
tt T3 < 

©v h a 

a?, a a 

* CO 

?&K 

P * JT 

fa* to £ 
JU' >^ s 


to 

tr 

go , 


10 


Kkula-sa nalis'. 


Ba roj mundar’je khanelambar 3 phal 

am bag Muda-i ka a v n)dhi se gira 
tha. Muda-i was’te lane us ke gaa, 
dekha ke muda-alhe pbal am utha- 

te the. Muda-i ne roka, aur kaha ke u Hama- 
ra am kew lete hau ? Nahi jane degai.” 
Is par muda-alhe nar&j hokar, 

Muda-i ko ghuse wo tamache se mar 
pith kia, aw’r phal am ka le 
lia. Is was’te nalis' kar- 

te hai-. 

Phidui Ram Par’s'ad Ram Mu¬ 

da-i. Ta. 18 Ma-i, San 1880 
I's’wi. 


TRANSLATION. 


Ph 

.2 

"> 

o 

Ct5 

.©" 

vo3 

Ph 


bo 

0 

B 

Ph 


© 

'CTJ 


Ph 


P4 


03 

© 

CO 


S 

vcS 

0 


CQ 

»o 

CO 

© 


03 

T3 

-Q 

c3 


a 

o 

is 

voj 

*5? 

rQ 

-d 


03 


Ram Pras'ad Ram, of Muhammadpur, Parganah Bal, 
District Chhapra, v. Ram Sevak Ray, Ram (An)ugrah 
Ray, and Grovind Ray, of Jam (?) Chhapra, Parganah 
Bal. 

Charge. Criminal Misappropriation and Assault, Secs 
403 &. 352 I. P. C., on May 16th 1880. 

Witnesses. Ram Jivan Singh, of Bhagwknpur, Par¬ 
ganah Bal. Ram Bharos Sinh, of Bdsi, Parganah Majhi. 

Subject Matter of Charge. —On the above mention¬ 
ed date, some mangos in Complainant’s orchard were 
blown down by a storm. Complainant went to bring 
them home, and saw the Accused picking them up. He 
stopped them and said “ Why are you taking my mangos ? 
I shall not let you go.” Thereupon the accused, being 
displeased, assaulted the complainant with blows and 
slaps, and took the mangos. He hence makes this 
petition. 

The petition of RAm Pras'ad Ram. Dated, May 18, 
1880. 



















Plate X. 

M < 1 "i v*1'*\ m $\«i M <a^**^H S<£\ H «v\ 14vi *\ <-i vfcj ^ ^ i y \ ^ 
Sl'T)4^ l/\V& e4\?/\<1 <^*^3 V <e <| *|)|| 

^ «ti ^ 

*V3^Wu ^Cn.\i>/ 

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PLATE X. 


A BOND. 

( Tirhu tid writing.) 

Mai Sekh Rah’man AH, beta Sekli Ajimudi mataupha, kaum Sekh, pes a k&st 
kari,Ghar mauje Par’sauni, Pragana Jarail,elake raj astaresan Distrikat Dar’bhanga, 
wo Sib Distrikat Madhubani, Thdna Benfpati ke hai. Age, ham mob’lig paiti- 
s rupaia Rs. 35, ke adha us ka satarah rupaia ath ana Rs. 17-8 hota 
hai, Mosama Sekh Maj’har All beta, Sekh Moajam All, jat Sekh, pes'a jmi- 
d&ri, ghar Mauje Gos'&ipur, Pragana Nan’pur, Elake rajastaresan distrikat 
Majaphar’pur, wo Sib Distrikat wo Thana Sitamarhi, se kar’j sudi bahisa- 
bphi sau ek rupaid, mah’vari lekar kab’j wo tasaruph me ap’ne dar lae. 
Tis ka karar kar’te hai, wo tamasuk haja likh dete hai, ke rupaia asalmai su¬ 
it purnamasi mah Asm san 1288 sal ko nak’d ek must adae 
kar’ke tamasuk haja woapas kar lege, is me kuchh hila wo ujur nahi kare- 
ge, wo taadae rupaia jar kar’ja ke sud bahis&b maj’kure sad’r baha- 
1 wo bar’karar rahega. Is waste e chand kalama bat’rik tamasuk ke likh di- 
a ke wok’t jarurat ko kam awe. Ta. 12 Ma’i san 1880 I'sawi.—« 
Katib tamasuk haja Sekh Mohamad Manir, Mokami Madhubani, Pragana Hati. 


TRANSLATION. 

I, Sheikh Rahman ’Ali, son of the late Shaikh Azimuddi, by tribe Shaikh, 
and by profession a cultivator, reside in village Parsauni, Pargana Jarail, in the 
Registration district of Darbhanga, and sub-district of Madhubani, Police 
Station Benipati. Now, I have borrowed at interest at the rate of 1 per cent, 
per month, Rs. 35, (the half of which is Rs. 17-8) from Shaikh Mazhar ’All son 
of Shaikh Muazam ’AH, by caste a Shaikh, and profession a zamindar, residing 
in village Gos'ainpur, Pargana Nanpur, in the Registration district of Muzaffar- 
pur, and Sub-district and Police station of Sitamarhi, and have brought it into my 
own expenditure. I admit this, and write this bond to the effect that I shall 
pay back the whole sum in cash on the full moon of As'vin 1288 F. S., and shall 
then receive back this bond. In this I shall make no evasion or excuse, and 
till the repayment of the sum lent, I shall pay interest at the afore-mentioned 
rate. For this reason I have written these lines after the fashion of a bond, 
that, when necessary, they may be of use. 

Dated 12th May 1880 A. D. 

Written by Shaikh Muhammad Manfr, of Madhubani, Pargana Hati. 



Plate XI. 


Objection in a Batwara Case. 




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(Continued on next Plate.) 













































PLATE XI. 

OBJECTION IN A BAT WAR A' CASE. 


(Tirhuti character.J 

Oari par’war salamat. Italae-nama hajiir mar’kume ta. 6 Jula-i sail 

18<8 Ps’wi, ba mokadame bat’ware mauje Gropal’pur Pragannai Jarail waste 
kar ne das’khat upar rapot mer’bandi tamil kar de amfn kasim wo 

rud liokar sar’pharaji hasil kia. Darbare tamil kar’ne mer’ban- 

5 di ke jo kuclih ujur pliid’wi sael nam’bar 5 ko kai, badafean jail 

gujaris kar’ta liai. 

Nam’bar 1. 

Mahal liaja me pliid’wi sael nam’bar 5 ka mawaji- Mrah ganda hi- 

sa khur’dia hai, aur phid’wi ko char tuk’re araji mon’tas'i- 

10 r badal ke mauje Raghauli wo mauje Sighia wo Wosauth wo Bal’ha ke mo- 
n’tas'ir mill hai. Janab A'li, aualan, tuk’re mosume badh Dewohia 

wo doeml mosume badh Sahora wo seumi bar simane mauje Bal’ha 
jo andar chaur jlul wo bliaran hai woake hai; doem, tuk’re mausume 
Dewov’hia ke pachhim wo dakhin mauje Wosauth; wo tuk’re mausume badh 
15 Sahora ke dakhin wo pachhim wo purab Raghauli wo utar mauje Dudhail bago 
s'e purab wo utar; wo mauje Wosauth wo tuk’re sewom ke dachhin Raghauli, wo 
purab Dudhail, wo pachhim wo utar mauje Bal’ha ka simana mila hai, aur 

bawojah rah’ne jmin jliil aur bliaran ke jo liar sal aiam bar’sat 

me bliaran liota hai, nis'an ar wo dluir ka madum ho j&a kar’ta hai, bad 
20 ho jane mer’bandi ainde, bawojah nahi kaem rah’ne nis'an urhe kamil 
ke, mal’kan simanedaran mauje maj’kurin se eh’t’mal tak’rar ka mat’sau- 

ar hai: badi sabab pat’wari phid’wi sael nam’bar 5 wok’t mer’bandi 

amin kasim se kaha ke motabik s'akl nak’s'e eraji mon’daraje 

Continued on next plate. 


TRANSLATION. 

Your worship, I have been made happy by the due receipt of a notice from your Honour's Court, dated 
Gth July, 1878, in the Batwara case of village Gopdlpur., Pargana Jarail, calling upon me to sign the report 
made by the dividing Amin, as to the completion of the merbandi, or marking off the shares to the various 
shareholders : your humble servant, who is petitioner No. 5, has to make the following objections seriatim to 
the manner in which the marking off was done. 

1st.—In the mahal under partition, your humble servant, petitioner No. 5, is a small shareholder, owning 
only 12 gandds of the estate, and the share allotted to him has been altered into four incompact plots situate in 
villages Raghauli, Sinhia, Osautli and Baiba. Sir, in the first place, the plots allotted are named respectively 
Badh Dewohia, the second Badh Sahora, and the third is situate on the borders of village Balha, and is manifestly 
composed of swamp, marsh, and lately filled up riverland. Secondly, the plot named Dewohia is bounded on 
the west and south by village Osauth; and that named Sahora is bounded on the south, the west, and the east 
by Rajauli, and on the north towards the north-east corner by Dudhail. To the south of Osauth and the third 
plot is Rajauli, to its east Dudhail, and to its west and north the boundary of village Balha. By reason of the 
land being marsh and the filled up bed of a river, it is flooded yearly in the rainy season, and the boundaries 
between the fields and footpaths are continually being washed away. As soon as the marking off of the separate 
shares is completed, owing to there being no stable landmark, there is every probability of disputes arising be¬ 
tween the landlords of the contiguous estates. On this account the patwdri of your humble servant, petitioner 
No. 5, at the time of marking out the shares, told the dividing Amin to check the measurement according to the 
maps entered in the distribution lists of the various shareholders. 

Continued on next plate. 




Plate XII. 


Batwara Objection Continued. 


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PLATE XII. 

Batwara objection continued. 

barabar’de kf paimais' wo chach (janch) kar ke upar charo sirnane ke urhe 
pokb’te it ka bakharch khas phid’wi ke bandh’wa dijie, magar ami- 
n kasim eh jur (ujur) woajib pat’wari phid’wi ka kabul na karke 

mer’bandi khelaph is’tadoae wo bela mokabale tamil karke 
5 chal ae hai. Ba-i wojah phid’wi khah. pat’wari phid’wi se rapot 

mer’bandi pr mophasil me tamil daskhat ka nahi karaa aur 

is wojah se nok’sani ajim phid’wian sael ka ainde 
woake hai. Is lie istadoae phid’wi sael nam’bar 5 ka eh hai, 

ba mokabale pat’wari phid’wi wo nrilan s'ak’l nak’s'e paimais' wo 

10 j&ch pati phid’wi ka kar ke tamil mer’bandi ka kar dia jae; 

aur upar sirnane bar chahar janib amin kasim khah ka- 
min’goe addlat haja ko hukum hoe ke mot&bik us’ke mota- 

bik s'ak’l nak’s'e upar sirnane erajian mon’dar’je baraworde 
ke bakharch khas pliid’wi&n urhe wo nis'an pokh’te it ka bandh’wa 

15 dewe, ke ainde kisi siwanedar se takar (sic) na ho we, wo koi khalis' 

takar ka baki na rahe. Woajib tha, ar’j kia. 

Ar’ji phid’wi Se. Sub’han Ali sael 
nam’bar 5, rnalik hisaidar mauje Gopal’pur 
praganna Jarail, ujur’dar maruje ta. 20 Julai 
Sa. 1878 Is’wi. 


Translation continued. 

and to cause brick landmarks to be built round the 
four sides at the private expense of your servant. But the dividing Amin., refusing to admit the reasonable ob¬ 
jection of your humble servant’s patwari, completed the marking out in opposition to his request and in his absence, 
and returned to Court. On this account neither your servant nor his patwari signed on the spot, the report of 
the marking out of the shares and, therefore, it is apparent that serious injury to your servant the petitioner will 
probably occur. For this reason the prayer of your humble petitioner No. 5 is this, that the marking of the share 
of your humble servant may be performed properly after a previous comparison with the map, and in the presence 
of his patwari; and that the dividing Amin, or the Kanungo of this Court may be directed to erect, according 
to the map, on the four sides of the plots mentioned in the distribution lists, at the private expense of your 
humble servant, landmarks built of burnt bricks, in order that for the future no dispute or cause for future 
enmity may arise with any of the neighbouring landowners. The request is reasonable and therefore it is made. 

The petition of your humble servant Shaikh Subhan •’All, petitioner No. 5, part owner of village Gopalpur, 
Pargana Jarail, objector, dated 20th July, 1878. 


Plate XIII. 

Criminal Petition. 


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PLATE XIII. 


Criminal Petition {Patna.) 

Bahajur janab bandegan all motaali khodawand neama- 
t dam ek’bal’hu ke araj par’daj hot& hai, ke moje Mohan- 

pur Par’gana Maner Jila Pat’na me Ran’jit Sigh ek bad’mas' ra- 
h’fe hai, wo bahut roj se bad’mas'i me nam us’ka Thane Maner ke ra- 
5 jis’tar me likka hua hai. Wah aj ke roj wakhat baki rak’ne cha- 

’r ghari din ke tabe’dar se gall guph’ta be kasur khet me ghas ga- 
rh’ne ke was’te kia hai. Is w&s’te umaid’war hai ke sajae mu- 

daleh ka bajarie tah’kikat ke phar’maa iae. Ta. 1 Navamr. 
san 1880. 


TRANSLATION. 

My complaint to the Honourable Court is this,—That a professional thief 
named Ranjit Sinh lives in village Mohanpur, Parganah Maner, District Patna, 
whose name has long been entered in the ladmashi register of Thana Maner. 
To-day, about four gharis before evening he used abusive language to me for 
no fault of mine, on account of his cutting (or 11 chilling”) grass in the field. 
I hence hope that after due investigation the Court will order the accused to be 
punished. Dated, 1st November 1880. 



Plate XIV. 

Criminal Petition. 


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PLATE XIV. 


Das barah 
Naurangi La- 


Ceiminal Petition fPatna.J 

Garib Par’war salamat,— 

Phid’wi s&t big’ha khet! kar’ta hai. 
baras se hamara jot chala ata hai. Im’sal par *,„,**„„ A x,«- 
1 ne ganw ko thlka lla hai; so wah jabar’das’ti kar’te hai ke “ Pach 
rupa-ia big’ha mal’gujari dewe, tab turn khet ap’na jo- 
to.” Wo phid’wi har’sal tin rupa-ia big’ha mal’gujd- 
rl dete chale ate hai; jabar’das’ti se khet hamar kat 
kar lie jate hai. Wo thane man gai, na suna, pulls ne ka, 
“ Hajur me jakar nalis' karo.” 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please youe Woeship,— 

I cultivate seven bighas of land, and have done so for the past ten or 
twelve years. This year Naurangi Lai has taken the village in farm, and is 
acting tyrannically, saying that I must pay rent at the rate of five rupees a 
bigha, before he will allow me to plough my field. But I have always paid at 
the rate of three rupees, and he is cutting my crop by force and carrying it 
away. I went to the police station, but the police did not hear my complaint, 
and told ( k& for kaha) me to complain to Your Worship. 



Plate XV. 

Criminal Petition. 


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PLATE XV. 


Criminal Petition ('PatnaJ 

Garib par’war salamat, araj par’ddj hota hai ke kalh ke roj, 

bam ap’n& khet boneko, hai bail lie, ap’ne khet me ga-e: tab Go- 
pi Mhato, sa. Semaria Pra. Phul’wari, char ad’nri s4th lie 

hue ae, wo hal hamara khol dia, wo kaha ke “ Khet hamara hai, i- 

5 s’ko chhor do, nahi to beh’tar nahi hoga.” Tabedar phauj’dari 

ke dar se khet ka bona chhor kar, thane me it’lae kar ke ap’ne 

ghar chala gea; ab ar’ji haja hajur me guj’ran kar, 

umaid’war hai ke tah’kikat khet ka phar’ma kar bajarie pull¬ 
s' ke khet bone ka hukum sadir phar’maa jae. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your W orship, —My complaint is that yesterday I took my 
plough and bullocks to my field to sow it. Thereupon Gopi Mahton of Semaria, 
Parganah Phulw&ri, with four others came to the spot, and unyoked my 
plough, saying that the field was his, and that if I did not leave it alone, 
it would be the worse for me. Through fear of a criminal case I stopped sowing 
the field, and, after lodging an information at the police station, returned 
home. I now file this petition in the hope that an investigation concerning the 
field be directed, and that an order be issued to the police for my being allowed 
to sow my field. 



Plate XVII. 

Interpleader Objection. 

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PLATE XVII. 


Interpleader Objection, [Patna). 

Garib prawar salamat. Bamokada’me Lale Dur’ga Prasad di¬ 
garidar banam S/ekh Nasir All Madiun, jo kuchh ujur 

hai, has’b daphat jail gujaris' kar’ta hai. 

Aual. 

5 Jis jaedad ko digaridar ne bakarar jaedad madi¬ 
un jab’t wa kur’k karaed, hai, us se madiun ko kuchh 

ilaka wo sarokar nahi hai. 

Doem. 

Jaedad mak’ruke bamojib bai lakalami mar’kume 22 
10 Sitambar s. 1876 I. madiun ne bagiraph’t jar saman 
waajibi sath phid’wi ke pharokli’t kia, ke 

phid’wi aj tak kabij wo dakhil hai: umaid’war, ke 
bagiraph’t sabut jab’ti se raba kia jae, wa khar’- 

cha digaridar se dil’wa dia jde. Baki halat 
15 jabani gujaris' karegd. 

Phid’wi Dund Bahadur Lai Ujur’dar 
mar’phat Mun’s'i Nathu Lai wakil ta: 2 A- 
k’tubar, s. 1880 I. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —In the case Lale Durga Pras'ad decree- 
holder v. Shaikh Nasir ’All judgment-debtor, I beg to make my objections in 
the order mentioned below. 

(1.) The judgment-debtor has nothing whatever to do with the crops 
which the decree-holder has caused to be attached as his property. 

(2.) The judgment-debtor sold the attached property under a written 
deed of sale, dated 22nd September 1876 to me after receiving a proper amount 
of earnest money, so that I am up to the present day in possession. I therefore 
hope, that, on the receipt of proof the property may be released from attach¬ 
ment, and that the decree-holder be ordered to pay costs. The remaining cir¬ 
cumstances of the case I shall lay before the Court by word of mouth. 

Dund Bahadur Lai Objector, 
through Munshi Nathu Lai Wakil. 


Dated 2nd October 1880. 




Plate XVIII. 

Criminal Petition. 


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PLATE XVIII. 


Criminal Petition (Patna). 

Garib par’wor salamat. Phad’wi araj rasa hotk hai ka 
batarikh 27 mail Ak’tubarko ham was’t nahane ke talavmo jate the : wohah 
par S'akh Mahad All wogarah ham so be wojah was’t nahane ke tak’rar kia, 
wo mos’ted larai kar’ne ko ham se hoa. Agar dkroga sah wohah par na 
5 hote, to bai s'ak hamara jan jata. Is was’t dar’khas’t haja guj’ran 
kar, umed’war hai ke is bat ka tah’kika mo. khas In’s’pag’tar 
S^hab ka phar’makar dad rasl hamdra phar’maa jawai, ke phad’wi ka hak 
rasi howau. 

Ar’ji Phad’wi Gir’dharl 
Lai. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —My complaint is that on the 27th October 
I went into the tank to bathe. There Shaikh, Mahad ’All and others without a 
cause quarrelled with me about bathing, and made ready to fight with me. 
If the Sub-Inspector Sahab (sdh = sahab) had not been there I should undoubtedly 
have been killed. For this reason I file this petition in the hope that the 
Inspector himself may be directed to hold a proper (mo = mundsib) investigation, 
that redress be ordered, and justice done me. 

The Petition of Girdhari Lai. 



Plate XX. 


Application for postponement. 


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PLATE XX. 


Application for Postponement {Patna). 

Garib par’war salamat,— 

Chun, mokadama Jiv Lai Muda-i ban am Siri Kusun 
Mudale ba-ij’las Saheb Jann’t Majis’tar baha- 

dur ba tarikh 6 Noamar sail. 1880 I'sawi ko 


5 pes' hoga, 

is He umaid’war 

hai ke 

koi 

dus’re 

tarikh ko 

pes' ho, kis 

was’te ke phid’wi 

ko 

hajir hona 

Aurangabad Jile 

Gaa 

me 

tarikh 

maj’kur ko 

hajir hona jarur 

hai: 

pas aise 

ha- 

lat me phid’wi t&rlkh 

mua-ine 

ko 

hajir 

10 Saheb Jan’t 

Majis’tar bahadur 

ke 

iha hone 

se 

maj’bur hai. 

Is He ar’j 

par’daj 

hai ke koi 

• du- 

s’ra tarikh 

mokarar kia jae. 

Ta. 

2 

dus’rl 

Noamar 1880 

I. 





TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —Inasmuch as the case Jiv Lai v. Siri 
Kusun will come forward for trial in the Joint-Magistrate’s Court on the 6th 
November 1880 A. D., I beg that some other day may be chosen,for I have also to 
be present at Aurang&bad in District Gaya on that date. Under these circum¬ 
stances it will be impossible for me to appear before the Joint-Magistrate on 
the appointed day, and therefore pray that some other date be fixed. Dated 
2nd November 1880. 



Plate XXII. 


Application for return of copies. 


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PLATE XXII. 


Application foe eetuen of Copies {Patna). 


Garib par’war salamat, 


Phid’wi 

ne 

ba 

mokadame 

Kalu Muda-i 

banam Gopi 

Nud 

mudalah 

juram mar’pit 

ke mokadame me 

pach chhaw 

kita 

nakal 

bajab’te was’te 

sabut ke dakhil 

5 ki tha. Us 

ko 

w6pas 

lend jarur hai; 

is lie dar’khas’ 


t haja guj’ran kar ke, unrid’war bai ke kag’jat maj’kure 
Mia Sar’kar sd wapas mile, ke dus’ro mokadama me dk- 
khil kare. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship,— In the assault case Kalu v. Gopi Nud 
I filed in proof five or six certified copies. I now find it necessary to take 
them back again, and therefore file this petition in the hope that the papers 
aforesaid may be returned to me from the care of the Court, in order that 1 
may file them in another case. 



Plate XXIII. 


Criminal Petition. 


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PLATE XXIII. 


Criminal Petition (Patna). 

Garib par’war salamat. 

Phid’wi kal ke roj Maruph’ganj was’te lane but 

ke chala jata tlia, ke S'ekli Manu se Hajiganj me mulakat hua 
un sa ham ne kalia ke “jo rupa-ia tum’hare jime baki hai us ko dev.” 

5 Is par dono ad’mi sa gari guph’ta hua; tuv mudalalie ne 

ham ko utli kar patak dia, wo lat muka se mar’pit kia hai 
Is bat ke was’te Godar wo Nan’h’ku gawa hai, talab kar’ke un log 
ka juban’bandi lia jae wo tadaruk mudalalie ka Ida 

jae. Wajib tha araj kia. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —Yesterday I was going to Marufganj to 
buy chick-pease, when I met Shaikh Manu of Hajiganj. I asked him to re¬ 
pay me the money he owed me ; thereupon we began to abuse each other, 
and finally (tuv for to) the accused got up(?)* and knocked me down, and as¬ 
saulted me with kicks and blows. Gondar and Nanhku are witnesses of this 
affair. Let them be summoned and their evidence be taken, and let the 
conduct of the accused be inquired into. The above is true as I have stated it. 

* If “ uth kar” is a slip of the pen for “ utha kar,” as it probably is, the original should be 
translated “ the accused lifted me up and threw me down.” 





Plate XXIV. 

Miscellaneous Petitions. 

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#'!**)£‘jwt *" 



PLATE XXIV. 


Miscellaneous Petition {Patna), 
a. Garib par’war sal&mat. 

S fir at aisa hai, ke tab’dar ne do tin 

kita dar’kliasat was’te khul’wa dene tala hajur me 
dia hai, lekin ab tak pulis ne tala nahi 

5 khula dl& hai, wo kam men har’j hota hai; is lie dar- 
khas’t guj’ran kar, umid’war hai ke pulis jal’di 
jakar tala ko khol’wfi dewe. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship,— The fact of the case is that I have already- 
filed two or three petitions praying for a lock to be opened, but, up to this time 
the police have not opened it, and my business is suffering injury. I therefore 
file this petition in the hope that the police will quickly go and have the lock 
opened. 


Miscellaneous Petition {Patna). 

b. Garib par’war salamat, araj par’daj hotd hai ke bamokadame 
Gur’s'aran Lai muda-i banam phid’wi mudalahe talab hona misi- 
1 mohak’me diw&nf se jarur hai. Is was’te dar’khas’t haja 

guj’ran’kar um’maid’war hai ke hak rasi tabed&r ba talab 

5 misil maj’kure bala ke phar’maa jae, ke phid’wi 
ap’ne hak ko pahuch kar ba doa goi ek’bal daulat ha- 

jiir ke mas’rfiph rahe. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —My petition is that in the case Gurs'aran 
Lai v. myself as accused—it is necessary to send for certain records from 
the Civil Court. I hence file this petition in the hope that justice may be 
done me by summoning the aforesaid records, so that I may attain my right, 
and may ever bless your honor’s prosperity. 





Plate XXVI. 

Receipt on Back of a Summons. 

<V 1 ? n? 'niti*#** 1 ™* m*\Hi mfmutli U(a 
-- 

Miscellaneous Petition. 




~~&VTW\F£U< 


elfteie<g d'lTn ?T/? tmn-SL aoflHA. 

^cniViu^)V'>n\en^n **&*«& 

•fTuq&n-j'toty't- On 








PLATE XXVI. 


Receipt on back of a Summons {Patna), 
a. Garib par’war salam. A'ge ek kita eh’kam banam phid’wi was’te 
adae s ahadat ba mokadame Bihari Singh muda-i ban&m Siy Tahal Singh 
ma. Neamat All chap’rasi moh’kame phauj’dari jile Pat’na se pahuchd. 
Maj’mun se us ke wakiph wo dgdh hue. Clmnan’che bamojib hukurn 
5 sar’kar ke tdmil hukum ka kar ke ba tarikh mokarare ke adae s ahadat 
karege. Is was’te ih rasid likh dia ke wak’t par kam awe. 
Ar’ji Dur’ga Pras'ad. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship, —I have been served by Niyamat ’All 
chaprasi of the Criminal Court of District Patna, with a notice calling upon me 
to give evidence in the case Bihari Sihh v. S'iv Tahal Siiih, and have made 
myself acquainted with its import. I shall accordingly carry out the Court’s 
order and give evidence on the appointed date. For this reason I have given 
this receipt, in order that it may be of use when needful. The representation 
of Durga Pras ad. 


Miscellaneous Petition fPatna). 

b. Garib par’war salamat,—Araj par’daj hai ke tabedar bamokad’me 
Ram Naraen Sigh banam Sital Par’s ad ke gawah karar dia gea hai, 
lekin kalh ke roj se tabedar ka tabiat bahut alii hai, ke jis 
wajah* se hajari se ap’ne lachar hai. Is was’te bajarie ar’ji haja 
5 ke umid’war hai ke tarikh mokadama ka batha (barha) dia jae, 
ke tabedar hajir ho sake. Jade. 

Ar’ji. 

Kun’kun Sigh Umid’war. 


TRANSLATION. 

May it please your Worship,— My representation is that I have been 
named as a witness in the case Ram Narayan Siiih v. Sital Prasad, but since 
yesterday I have become so ill that I am unable to attend the Court. I there¬ 
fore, by this petition, hope that the case may be postponed so that I may be 
able to attend. More (would be superfluous). 

The petition of Kunkun Siiih. 





Plate XXVIII. 

The Fable of the Hidden Treasure. 

(Bkojpuri' character and dialect.) 

tsi tniftif) tnij'i S' d(?\ P>t/ S 

^ Ah hzw m Q 0si9 oy zfiyQ ?? 
LU^ *c °i 21 h( ?/ /?(4 h 

kJ' 1 *. t^o «fl <£(£ Cfi tf 'ijy&sW 

s)ciQ*itec\ift n{) y\^j) n<* frivn tici 

^ &(&</ ^ 0 “iT ^< 7 £ iT ^??7 yt m.i' cT" 

etdlQQ <mo 

?r?n.yq 

^) n ? ^ «« m'V'H ^te.( tf)QZ? p^i-C 

^4* *in c^o «cA nl6*’ 

$H61.914 A $1 dt ?“^^ <$/<>(s/ eT^jJi 

^itK mi^*1 ^ *h$9rn4i 


PLATE XXVIII. 


THE FABLE OF THE TREASURE IN THE HELD. 


(From HoernWs Grammar of the Gaudian Languages.) 

In the Bhojpuri dialect and style of writing. 

Ek bara adimi angur kai bari wo kliet boalas o 
ke char betawd rahalai: jab u marailagal, tab betawan se 
kahalas, ai beta mor pas jaw’n dhan rahal, taune ke main an¬ 
gur ke khet’wd me gar dibale baton ; se tu logan khanab, 

5 to pa-ibah. Jab u adimi mart ga-el, tab okar sab 
betaua mil ke kket ke chdro or se khane lagalan, le- 

kin dhan kai khoj na milal; bakl khet achhi tarah se kho- 

dal gael; o se angur kai per khiib pan’phalai aur khub 
angur kai phal upajalai. Tab to sab betd mil ke o ke 

10 bechalain, aur bahut ek dhan paulain, bard khusli bha-ilain. 
E se ham logan ke i bat sikhai ke cliahi ki bard log jau- 

n bkt kahaiii, taune ke jarur mdnai ke chain, tarai ke na cliahi. 

Ehi men hamare logan kai kaledn hoi. I' larikan ke si¬ 

khai ke bade kahani hauai. 


TRANSLATION. 

A great man sowed a garden and a field of grapes. He had four sons, and when about to die he said to 
them, “ My sons, I have buried all the wealth I possessed in the grape-field. Dig for it, and you will find it.” 
When the man died his sons united in digging the field in all four directions, but in spite of all their search they 
could not find the wealth. Nevertheless, the field was well dug, and the grape trees sent forth shoots luxu¬ 
riantly, and much fruit was borne by them. Then all the sons united and sold it, and obtained much wealth 
thereby, and became very happy. From this we ought to learn, that we ought certainly to mind every word 
that a great man says, and never disregard it. In this way we may achieve prosperity. This fable is for the 
instruction of children. 




Plate XXIX. 

A Letter. 

TirhutC chartLcier aruL diaZcct/. 

94 1 jsitfJ'ti fifxflaw 

ifauft.#' e%« 


.-A 


5 w fe^XOiTlSal^TX4^^(A^vuf cfl ^ 

*L 

H-^ I 


Continued onnext plate 



PLATE XXIX. 


FACSIMILE OF A LETTER. 

(Tirhuti KayatM running hand and dialect.) 


S'Ri' Champa'bati' nikat Dur’mil Jha' likhit patar. 

Sos’ti S'ri Champabati ke as'ikh. A'ga Lachh’ma 
nak jabani wo chithi son ahaii sabhak kus'al chhem 
bujhal, man anand bhel. 

S'ri Lacbhumi ke nena chhot chbain; jehi son wokar 

praworas' hoik, se abas kar’tab thik; hunika 

mata nahi, ahaiii ’ lokanik bharos tel kunrak ni- 
rabainb. Ek bak’s pathawol achh, se an 
h&nk het, anhan rakbab. Bak’s men cbhau (Rs. 6) t4 
10 rupaia chhaik wo mas'ala sabh chaik; se bak’s ^ kho- 

rupaia wo adba adba sabb mas <ila 

ken ap’ne chupe debain, dui ta rupaia ma- 
rdkliab, aban la patbawol 


li, dui t& 
Lachh’mi Dei 
sala bak’s 

acbb. 


ap’ne 


Continued on next page. 


TRANSLATION. 

A letter written hy Durmil Jha to S'ri ChampabdU. 

May it be well with you, my blessings to S'ri Champdbati. Moreover, 
from the month of Lakshman and from your letter, I have learned that it is well 
with you all; and my heart has been rejoiced. 

S'ri Lakshmi has a little child. It is certainly necessary to make arrange¬ 
ments for its nurture. It has no mother, and I hope that you all will see to its 
nourishment (tel kutirj. A box is sent (herewith); it is ^ for you, (and) you 
may keep it. In it there are six rupees, and various dainties ; you will give 
nrivately to Lakshmi Debi two rupees and half the dainties : two rupees, the 
(remaining) dainties, and the box you yourself will keep ; they are sent for 

you. 


Plate XXX. 


Tirhuti' letter- continued. 


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j^Vl *1*'* *W| 

aja*i«*a^<ai ^ ^ 




3 

3 


1 

Z 


Kauno 

sabh 
takhan 
&r£ 

5 bahut 
karai 
janai 
pichhu 
bench 
10 ketaik. 


PLATE XXX. 

Tirhuti letter continued. 
batak man men andesa matf 
ahhak nok’san bhel achh, se 
ham nis'’chint hoeb. 

sam’dhf jf ke pranam. A'ga 
din bhelain, ahhkn lokani 
chhfain. Ham’ra beta jehan 
chhl; jal’df rupaia wos'ul 
pachh’taeb. Bakharfk 


rakhi, je 
) sabh 

Bhola 
takaza 


chij bas’t 
pahuchat; 


lelanh. 


Sri Babu 


eh bekuph ke 
Grobind ke ksfkh. 


kahan 


ehhath, 

karu, 

dhan 

tak 


Saha ke 
nahin 
se khub 
nahi to 

sabh 
nik akil 


Rupaia. 

Rahikak pahuna, . g 

S'ri Lachh’mi Dai, . g 

Srf Chhoti Janf, . 2 


Amaut dhara. 
2 
2 

2 


Translation continued. 

Do not trouble your mind about anything. Your goods and chattels which 
have got spoilt will arrive (here), and then I shall have no anxiety about them. 

Give my respects to your husband’s father. Moreover, it is a lon°- time 
since you have dunned Bhola Sahu. You know what sort of person my°son is • 
so quickly collect the money, or we shall afterwards repent. He has sold all 
the paddy in the granary ; how long will it be before good sense comes to this 
fool. My blessing to Gobind Babu. 

(Herewith are sent.) Rupees. Slabs of mango 

conserve. 

2 2 

2 2 

2 2 


For the Bridegroom of Rahika, 

For Laksbnh Debt, . 

For the little people,. 

































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